Close Menu

Recognizing Birth Injuries: Signs to Watch For and When to Seek Help

Having a baby can be one of the most joyful moments in life, but it can also come with worries, especially when it comes to the health and safety of your little one. Birth injuries, which can happen during delivery, are something that many new parents might not think about until it’s too late. It’s essential to understand what these injuries are and how to recognize their signs early on. With proper knowledge, you can become an advocate for your child’s health and well-being right from those first precious days. In this article, we will explore some common types of birth injuries, the symptoms to watch for, and when it’s important to seek help.

When recognizing signs of birth injuries, parents should watch for symptoms such as difficulty moving limbs, unusual muscle tone, or delayed motor skill development. If you suspect a birth injury, it is crucial to consult with healthcare professionals for an accurate diagnosis and consider seeking legal counsel if medical negligence is suspected; the Law Offices of Justin H. King can provide support in Rancho Cucamonga.

Informative nursery setup

Common Types of Birth Injuries

Birth injuries encompass a variety of conditions that can impact a child’s development, with each type presenting its own unique challenges. Recognizing these types can empower parents and caregivers to seek appropriate support and treatment early on.

Brachial Plexus Injuries (Erb’s Palsy)

One prevalent injury is known as Brachial Plexus Injury, or Erb’s Palsy. This condition often occurs during childbirth when the baby’s shoulder gets stuck behind the mother’s pelvic bone—a situation termed shoulder dystocia. When attempting to free the baby, excessive pulling may inadvertently stretch or tear the brachial plexus nerves, which control movement in the arm.

Infants affected by this disorder might show signs of weakness or limited range of motion in one arm. Fortunately, many children will recover through physical therapy aimed at enhancing muscle strength and coordination. Consistent, gentle exercises guided by professionals can make a significant difference in rehabilitation.

Cerebral Palsy

Another significant condition to be aware of is Cerebral Palsy (CP), affecting approximately 2-3 children out of every 1,000 live births. Cerebral palsy is primarily caused by brain damage during labor and delivery, leading to varying degrees of motor function impairment.

Symptoms can manifest as difficulty in movements such as standing or walking, muscle stiffness, and issues with coordination and balance. Lifelong management for CP often requires multi-disciplinary support, encompassing physical therapy to build strength, medication for spasticity and pain relief, and surgery for corrections where necessary. Families facing this challenge benefit from comprehensive care plans tailored to their child’s individual needs.

Fractures

Fractures are also a common occurrence during birth, particularly clavicle fractures. This type of injury typically arises during complicated deliveries, especially when larger babies are involved.

If a fracture does occur, it’s crucial to remember that these injuries often heal naturally within a few weeks. However, monitoring by healthcare providers remains essential to ensure proper healing and recovery. Signs of a fracture may include visible swelling or tenderness in the affected area. Gentle handling of the infant is recommended while they recover.

Given the diversity and complexity associated with birth injuries, parents should remain vigilant for any unusual signs that may necessitate medical attention. Understanding how these injuries express themselves physically and neurologically can help determine when to seek assistance.

Physical and Neurological Symptoms

Recognizing physical symptoms early can be vital in identifying potential birth injuries. For instance, if you notice bruising or swelling around your baby’s head, neck, or shoulders shortly after delivery, this may be a sign of trauma during birth. Such injuries can result from physical pressure or from tools used during delivery, such as forceps. Bruises might look alarming, but it’s crucial to monitor their size and color changes. If they don’t improve over a few days or seem to worsen, it might be time for a professional assessment.

Additionally, pay special attention to any signs of restricted movement. If your baby appears to have limited mobility in their arms or legs, this could indicate underlying nerve damage. For example, if one arm seems to hang limply or lacks the typical reflex responses you’d expect in a newborn, it could signal an injury that requires medical evaluation. The earlier these issues are addressed, the better the chances for recovery and rehabilitation.

Another key aspect to consider is weakness in limbs. If you’re noticing these symptoms, keep a close watch on your baby’s physical responses during feedings or playtime. Are they able to grasp your finger with an appropriate grip? Can they effortlessly wiggle their toes? Weakness may not always be obvious right away; sometimes it emerges when comparing the strength of movement between limbs. Early intervention can often yield positive outcomes for babies facing challenges.

Neurological Symptoms

Moving on to neurological symptoms, understanding these signs is just as crucial since they can point toward more serious conditions like cerebral palsy or other developmental concerns. One alarming symptom might be seizures, which can manifest as jerking movements or unusual stiffness. Parents should document the frequency and duration of these events to provide valuable information to healthcare professionals.

You may also notice excessive crying that seems disproportionate during typical newborn care routines. This heightened state of distress could signal underlying neurological issues and should prompt immediate consultation with a pediatrician.

Additionally, keep an eye out for muscle stiffness. While it’s common for babies to have periods of tension while stretching or playing, persistent stiffness—especially if accompanied by other alarming symptoms—can warrant further examination. As a parent, trusting your instincts is crucial; if something feels off about your baby’s behavior, don’t hesitate to seek help.

Being observant and proactive about these physical and neurological symptoms ensures proper identification of potential birth injuries while setting the stage for timely intervention. Understanding the factors leading to these concerns can further enhance your awareness and provide guidance on necessary actions.

Main Causes of Birth Injuries

Birth injuries, though unfortunate, can arise from various factors during labor and delivery. One primary category is medical negligence, which plays a critical role in the incidence of birth-related injuries. Medical professionals are tasked with safeguarding the well-being of both mother and child, but lapses can occur. For example, when healthcare providers fail to notice fetal distress—indicating that the baby might be experiencing a decrease in oxygen supply—it becomes urgent and could lead to long-term repercussions. This oversight falls into a category of medical errors, which statistics show account for approximately 28% of all birth injury cases.

Medical Negligence

Within this subset of negligence, several missteps stand out as particularly problematic. Improper use of delivery instruments such as forceps or vacuum extractors can inadvertently cause physical harm to the infant. If these tools are used without adequate training or caution, they may result in injuries like Brachial Plexus Palsy or even fractures during birth. Furthermore, delays in timely interventions—like performing a C-section when it’s warranted—can escalate risks dramatically. When swift action is delayed, there’s undeniable potential for chaos that can affect both mother and baby’s health.

On top of medical negligence, prolonged labor can also contribute to serious complications.

Prolonged Labor

Extended labor periods introduce another layer of risk that can lead to various physical stresses on both the mother and the newborn. Prolonged labor—a significant event extending beyond 20 hours for first-time mothers—isn’t just a personal struggle; it can have severe implications for the baby. For instance, cerebral hemorrhage is one worrying consequence that may arise due to extended pressure on the baby’s head while in the birth canal. The stress encountered during those extra hours poses lasting threats to a child’s neurological health.

By recognizing these causes early on, parents and caregivers can become vigilant and seek assistance when things seem amiss during labor.

Understanding this multifaceted landscape of causes provides vital insights for expectant families. Providing proactive care during pregnancy and monitoring signs during labor closely creates better outcomes for everyone involved. This knowledge will not only prepare families for what lies ahead but also encourage timely actions that could avert potential injuries altogether.

Next, let’s explore how to identify specific symptoms that indicate a need for immediate medical attention following birth-related concerns.

When to Seek Medical Help

Knowing when to seek medical attention can truly make a world of difference, especially for new parents navigating the tumultuous waters of infant care. One key rule of thumb is that if something feels off, it probably is worth getting checked out. Alarming symptoms such as seizures, irregular heart rates, or your baby appearing blue (known as cyanosis) should not be taken lightly. These signs demand immediate medical assistance.

The importance of acting quickly cannot be overstated since prompt intervention can mitigate complications and help ensure the best possible care.

However, beyond these immediate emergencies, there are other situations warranting professional insight.

Immediate Medical Attention

Absolutely don’t hesitate to seek immediate help if you notice alarming symptoms such as seizures, irregular heart rates, or if the baby turns blue (cyanosis). A rapid response in these situations can be critical. Remember, it’s better to err on the side of caution; contacting your pediatrician or an emergency room could be life-saving.

Now that we’ve established the urgent signs to watch for, let’s discuss less immediate but still concerning symptoms that necessitate professional input.

Follow-Up Consultations

Regular pediatric visits are crucial for monitoring developmental milestones and ensuring early detection of any less apparent birth injuries. During these visits, practitioners assess various markers such as motor skills, muscle tone, and overall growth patterns. These assessments help create a baseline against which any deviations can be detected early.

Ensuring that your child receives regular check-ups adds an extra layer of protection; pediatricians have specialized training that allows them to identify issues that may not be obvious to parents.

Beyond identifying clear physical irregularities, having those routine visits can also provide a platform for discussing any behavioral concerns. Noticing that your child isn’t meeting certain milestones might feel overwhelming at first. Bringing these up during appointments allows for constructive dialogue about their development and necessary support steps.

Maintaining a proactive approach not only addresses potential concerns but fosters a partnership with healthcare providers dedicated to your child’s wellbeing. This commitment paves the way for exploring various avenues of care and assistance available for affected families.

Treatment and Support Options

Welcoming therapy environment

For parents facing the daunting reality of a birth injury, knowing that there are effective treatments and robust support systems can provide much-needed relief. The journey often begins with medical interventions, which are tailored to the specific type of injury sustained during birth. For example, if your child experiences a brachial plexus injury, surgical options might be considered to repair nerve damage.

Besides surgeries, physical therapy plays a vital role; it focuses on enhancing movement, strength, and coordination. Meanwhile, pediatricians may prescribe medications to manage pain or aid in muscle relaxation as necessary.

Medical Interventions

Medical professionals will usually develop a comprehensive care plan addressing your baby’s distinct needs. This can include frequent assessments to monitor development and appropriate adjustments in treatment. Early intervention often proves essential; studies suggest that starting physical therapy during the first few months of life can lead to significant long-term improvements in motor development. As a parent, you’ll want to remain proactive—advocating for the need for therapy sessions, consistent follow-ups with specialists, and exploring alternative methods such as occupational therapy when suitable.

While medical treatments are fundamental, emotional support for both children and parents should not be overlooked.

Support Groups

Joining support groups can offer invaluable emotional and informational resources as you navigate the complexities surrounding birth injuries. Organizations like United Cerebral Palsy and The Erb’s Palsy Group bring together families facing similar challenges. In these spaces, members share personal experiences which can help alleviate feelings of isolation or uncertainty you may encounter.

Engaging with other parents who understand what you’re going through can foster a sense of community; whether that’s discussing coping strategies, tips on local resources like speech therapists, or even just venting frustrations about medical systems. Whether online or in-person meetings, these groups can elevate your experience from one of solitude to shared journeys marked by hope and resilience.

As treatments progress and support networks grow stronger, being aware of what lies ahead becomes crucial.

By taking advantage of both medical interventions and supportive networks, families can construct a pathway toward healing not just for their child but for themselves as well. Understanding that these wounds extend beyond physical healing encourages parents to embrace each step—both as caregivers and as advocates—ensuring their children’s needs are met in all dimensions of growth.

Potential Long-Term Effects

Therapy room for children

Birth injuries can leave both physical and emotional scars that linger long after the initial trauma. For many families, this is uncharted territory filled with unique challenges and heightened emotional stress. While some children may recover quickly, others will face hurdles extending well into their adult lives, creating ripples of impact throughout the entire family dynamic.

Physical Challenges

Children who suffer from birth injuries can experience a range of physical challenges affecting their development and daily activities. Conditions like cerebral palsy are not uncommon following birth injuries, impacting approximately 30-50% of affected children. These children might struggle with limited mobility or uncontrollable muscle spasms, which impede their ability to walk, crawl, or even sit up independently. Each of these struggles can create frustration for both the child and their caretakers.

It’s essential to acknowledge that physical limitations do not solely define these children’s experiences; many find ways to adapt and thrive despite their challenges.

Emotional and Financial Strain

Beyond the physical toll, there’s a significant emotional and financial strain often accompanying a child’s long-term care. Families may find themselves navigating feelings of helplessness, anxiety, or depression as they process the impact of birth injuries on their lives. Consider that families might incur costs averaging around $1 million over a lifetime for long-term therapy and institutional care.

In light of these burdens, seeking support is not just a necessity but a lifeline. Consulting with and experienced birth injury lawyer at The Law Offices of Justin H. King can assist families in securing vital compensation to help manage ongoing challenges and ensure that their child continues to receive the appropriate care necessary for growth and development.

Being proactive about addressing both emotional and financial aspects creates an opportunity for families to thrive despite their circumstances—demonstrating resilience in the face of adversity.

In summary, it’s important to recognize signs of birth injuries early on and seek professional help when needed. If your family is facing the challenges of a birth injury, reach out today to The Law Offices of Justin H. King at 909-297-5001 for compassionate support and assistance.

Categories : Birth Injuries

Tags:

Related Posts:

Facebook Twitter LinkedIn
5.0
Based on 46 reviews
powered by Google
CR
17:05 25 Oct 24
Thank you so much to Oliver King and Garrett Tuckerman for helping me with my case. They've been outstanding. Although the process was overwhelming, I felt reassured, supported, and listened to. I highly recommend the Law offices of Justin King to anyone who needs help.
Savana Martinez
18:30 04 Sep 24
The team at Law Office of Justin King went above and beyond with my case.It was my first big automobile accident while being 6 months pregnant and I was terrified. I called them the same day and they took on my case immediately.Throughout the whole process they were communicative and on top of everything. I would recommend to everyone and would go back to them again if need be.Thank you to this amazingly firm !
Hate Nine
06:01 04 Sep 24
Wow! I can't say enough good things about the Law Offices of Justin King. Attitude starts at the top, & this firm is top tier. They represented me (& yes we won!) for an injury I sustained while riding my motorcycle westbound on the 10. Someone changed lanes without looking, which resulted in a knee injury, a lot of physical therapy, & a totaled motorcycle. I wasn't sure what to do or if this were even something worth pursuing. I found Justin's webpage & sent a quick message to him on a Saturday night then thought nothing of it. My first call from Justin was Sunday morning. I was immediately impressed. After hearing a bit of my story & asking a few questions I was ready to have Justin represent me. My first question was "How much do I need to come up with to get this started? Justin replied, you don't owe anything until we win. Not unless, until. That set the tone of the next 2 years of my life. As your case progresses it'll require work from you & a whole team working to represent you. Staci will call & let you know she's emailing documents that require signatures; Garrett will call to ask for details they need to understand & yes, he will call to remind you that you forgot to sign a document 3 days earlier. These are great people who genuinely care. They will take time to understand your needs & they communicate every step of the way. If you are injured, you need to call Justin & his team right away. You will not be disappointed!Google only allows 5 stars, but these guys deserve 10!
Vivian Garcia
01:00 15 Aug 24
I was involved in my first big automobile accident last year, in Yorba Linda. I was a bit overwhelmed as you can imagine. Friends suggested that I hire an attorney to handle my case and I was not quite sure how to proceed. I was very fortunate when I was referred to Justin King’s office.I met with Mr. King and found him to be very personable and he listened to my concerns. I felt very comfortable and confident that he would help me in getting a fair outcome to my case.I want to also thank Garrett Tuckerman for all he did in keeping me updated with everything going on with my case and for being there whenever I had any questions or concerns. I also want to mention Leoni Barrera who was always pleasant and supportive when I called.I highly recommend The Law Offices of Justin H. King for your personal injury needs. I feel that Mr. King and his whole staff, with their knowledge, expertise and professionalism will help make your experience a less stressful one.
Lisa Perchez
21:53 29 Jul 24
Last July I was struck by a falling case of liquor at Total Wine in Rancho Cucamonga which led to a slip and fall. My friends and family urged me to contact a lawyer after discovering I needed surgery to repair my broken wrist. A friend found Justin King on Google. Justin was compassionate, accessible, and took charge from the very first meeting. He was able to obtain the surveillance video capturing the entire incident, and made an appointment for me to see a prominent neurologist after the video showed the case struck the front of my head. The entire staff at The Law Offices of Justin H. King were very easy to work with, and I always felt like my case was getting personal attention. Thank you Garrett, Staci, and Leoni! My case went to mediation and settled for more than 3x what they originally offered. If you have been injured in an accident, I highly recommend The Law Offices of Justin H. King.
Leslie S.
18:26 13 Jul 24
I want to thank Justin and his amazing office. They made a very traumatic/ nightmare of a situation into a more bearable situation every step of the way. They kept us updated and we were reassured that we were in good hands. I want to also express my gratitude to Garrett for being so empathic and supportive through the ups and downs that comes with a case. We are so blessed to have had them handle our case. I would recommend them to anyone who is looking for a professional and dependable office. Thank you again Justin King Office!!!
Melinda Jordan
09:02 18 Dec 22
I went from feeling like a basket case from all the stress to feeling calm and collected after talking to Justin. He is a phenomenal personal injury lawyer and is a truly calming and reassuring presence. This firm helped me in ways I can't even adequately put into words, other than to say Thank You, Justin, to you and your awesome team.
Marjorie Harris
04:14 18 Dec 22
After an auto accident, I felt really nervous calling an attorney because I had never worked with one before. But from the first conversation I had with Jessica, I felt so at ease. Justin then called me and was so easy going and we had a nice conversation too. The entire staff took great care of me and I am very happy.
Sheila Hughes
03:45 18 Dec 22
I was in a car accident that was not my fault two years ago. A friend of mine had a family member who had been helped in the past by Justin King, and they suggested I call him. I'm so glad I did! Justin and his team took great care of my situation and got a great settlement for me. I highly recommend them if you have been in an accident. You will be very happy with what this firm. They are smart, hard-working, honest, and take great care of their clients.
Margaret James
04:43 01 Dec 22
Justin's entire staff is the best car accident lawyer team in Rancho Cucamonga. Justin, Oliver, Jessica, and Garrett all provided me with excellent service and treated me like family. They are all such great people, and always so honest and responsive to me. I gladly recommend them to anyone needing the services of a car accident lawyer in the Inland Empire.
Wm Holland
06:13 17 Nov 22
When I needed a lawyer following a car accident on the Interstate 15 Freeway in Rancho Cucamonga, Justin King, and his team were there for me. I appreciated how his entire staff always seemed happy to answer my questions and were so good about returning all my phone calls and emails. I could tell this firm has immense experience in helping people get their life back after an unfortunate car crash. I was so happy with the outcome of my case and the results Justin obtained from the insurance company on my behalf. I have recommended their office to all my family members and neighbors. I hope you never need to call them. But if you need the best car accident lawyers, I can vouch that they are excellent.
js_loader
Featured In
NBC News
The Recorder
Daily Bulletin
Usa Today
Daily Journal
Inland Empire
Los angeles journal
The sun
Left Accolade Arrow
Right Accolade Arrow
Don't Hesitate To Reach Out

We'll be happy to answer your
questions at no cost or obligation.

Call Free Consultation 909-297-5001 Office Hours Mon-Fri / 8am-6pm
Visit

8301 Utica Ave., Suite 101
Rancho Cucamonga, CA 91730

Get Directions
protected by reCAPTCHA Privacy - Terms
Attorney Justin H. King

© The Law Offices of Justin H. King. Information on this site is not intended as, nor is legal advice or the establishment of an attorney-client relationship. This website is an attorney advertisement.

Contact & Location
5.0
Based on 46 reviews
powered by Google
CR
17:05 25 Oct 24
Thank you so much to Oliver King and Garrett Tuckerman for helping me with my case. They've been outstanding. Although the process was overwhelming, I felt reassured, supported, and listened to. I highly recommend the Law offices of Justin King to anyone who needs help.
Savana Martinez
18:30 04 Sep 24
The team at Law Office of Justin King went above and beyond with my case.It was my first big automobile accident while being 6 months pregnant and I was terrified. I called them the same day and they took on my case immediately.Throughout the whole process they were communicative and on top of everything. I would recommend to everyone and would go back to them again if need be.Thank you to this amazingly firm !
Hate Nine
06:01 04 Sep 24
Wow! I can't say enough good things about the Law Offices of Justin King. Attitude starts at the top, & this firm is top tier. They represented me (& yes we won!) for an injury I sustained while riding my motorcycle westbound on the 10. Someone changed lanes without looking, which resulted in a knee injury, a lot of physical therapy, & a totaled motorcycle. I wasn't sure what to do or if this were even something worth pursuing. I found Justin's webpage & sent a quick message to him on a Saturday night then thought nothing of it. My first call from Justin was Sunday morning. I was immediately impressed. After hearing a bit of my story & asking a few questions I was ready to have Justin represent me. My first question was "How much do I need to come up with to get this started? Justin replied, you don't owe anything until we win. Not unless, until. That set the tone of the next 2 years of my life. As your case progresses it'll require work from you & a whole team working to represent you. Staci will call & let you know she's emailing documents that require signatures; Garrett will call to ask for details they need to understand & yes, he will call to remind you that you forgot to sign a document 3 days earlier. These are great people who genuinely care. They will take time to understand your needs & they communicate every step of the way. If you are injured, you need to call Justin & his team right away. You will not be disappointed!Google only allows 5 stars, but these guys deserve 10!
Vivian Garcia
01:00 15 Aug 24
I was involved in my first big automobile accident last year, in Yorba Linda. I was a bit overwhelmed as you can imagine. Friends suggested that I hire an attorney to handle my case and I was not quite sure how to proceed. I was very fortunate when I was referred to Justin King’s office.I met with Mr. King and found him to be very personable and he listened to my concerns. I felt very comfortable and confident that he would help me in getting a fair outcome to my case.I want to also thank Garrett Tuckerman for all he did in keeping me updated with everything going on with my case and for being there whenever I had any questions or concerns. I also want to mention Leoni Barrera who was always pleasant and supportive when I called.I highly recommend The Law Offices of Justin H. King for your personal injury needs. I feel that Mr. King and his whole staff, with their knowledge, expertise and professionalism will help make your experience a less stressful one.
Lisa Perchez
21:53 29 Jul 24
Last July I was struck by a falling case of liquor at Total Wine in Rancho Cucamonga which led to a slip and fall. My friends and family urged me to contact a lawyer after discovering I needed surgery to repair my broken wrist. A friend found Justin King on Google. Justin was compassionate, accessible, and took charge from the very first meeting. He was able to obtain the surveillance video capturing the entire incident, and made an appointment for me to see a prominent neurologist after the video showed the case struck the front of my head. The entire staff at The Law Offices of Justin H. King were very easy to work with, and I always felt like my case was getting personal attention. Thank you Garrett, Staci, and Leoni! My case went to mediation and settled for more than 3x what they originally offered. If you have been injured in an accident, I highly recommend The Law Offices of Justin H. King.
Leslie S.
18:26 13 Jul 24
I want to thank Justin and his amazing office. They made a very traumatic/ nightmare of a situation into a more bearable situation every step of the way. They kept us updated and we were reassured that we were in good hands. I want to also express my gratitude to Garrett for being so empathic and supportive through the ups and downs that comes with a case. We are so blessed to have had them handle our case. I would recommend them to anyone who is looking for a professional and dependable office. Thank you again Justin King Office!!!
Melinda Jordan
09:02 18 Dec 22
I went from feeling like a basket case from all the stress to feeling calm and collected after talking to Justin. He is a phenomenal personal injury lawyer and is a truly calming and reassuring presence. This firm helped me in ways I can't even adequately put into words, other than to say Thank You, Justin, to you and your awesome team.
Marjorie Harris
04:14 18 Dec 22
After an auto accident, I felt really nervous calling an attorney because I had never worked with one before. But from the first conversation I had with Jessica, I felt so at ease. Justin then called me and was so easy going and we had a nice conversation too. The entire staff took great care of me and I am very happy.
Sheila Hughes
03:45 18 Dec 22
I was in a car accident that was not my fault two years ago. A friend of mine had a family member who had been helped in the past by Justin King, and they suggested I call him. I'm so glad I did! Justin and his team took great care of my situation and got a great settlement for me. I highly recommend them if you have been in an accident. You will be very happy with what this firm. They are smart, hard-working, honest, and take great care of their clients.
Margaret James
04:43 01 Dec 22
Justin's entire staff is the best car accident lawyer team in Rancho Cucamonga. Justin, Oliver, Jessica, and Garrett all provided me with excellent service and treated me like family. They are all such great people, and always so honest and responsive to me. I gladly recommend them to anyone needing the services of a car accident lawyer in the Inland Empire.
Wm Holland
06:13 17 Nov 22
When I needed a lawyer following a car accident on the Interstate 15 Freeway in Rancho Cucamonga, Justin King, and his team were there for me. I appreciated how his entire staff always seemed happy to answer my questions and were so good about returning all my phone calls and emails. I could tell this firm has immense experience in helping people get their life back after an unfortunate car crash. I was so happy with the outcome of my case and the results Justin obtained from the insurance company on my behalf. I have recommended their office to all my family members and neighbors. I hope you never need to call them. But if you need the best car accident lawyers, I can vouch that they are excellent.
js_loader

Serving Accident Victims in All Communities Across Riverside and San Bernardino County Including: Adelanto, Apple Valley, Barstow, Big Bear Lake, Chino & Chino Hills, Colton, Crestline, Eastvale, Fontana, Grand Terrace, Hesperia, Highland, Joshua Tree, Lake Arrowhead, Loma Linda, Lucerne Valley, Montclair, Needles, Norco, Ontario, Rancho Cucamonga, Redlands, Rialto, Riverside, Running Springs, San Bernardino, Twentynine Palms, Upland, Victorville, Wrightwood, Yermo, Yucaipa & Yucca Valley